Line a 9x9-inch metal baking pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang for easy removal.
Make the Shortbread Crust:
In a bowl, beat softened butter and granulated sugar on low speed for ~1 minute until just combined. Avoid over-mixing to keep the crust light.
Add flour, vanilla, and salt. Mix on low until coarse crumbs form (like wet sand, not a sticky dough). Pinch apart clumps if needed.
Pour crumbs into the pan and gently press into a thin, even layer. Use a flat-bottomed glass for a smooth surface.
Bake for 12–15 minutes, until edges are lightly golden. Remove and keep warm.
Prepare the Lemon Filling:
In a small bowl, whisk sugar, flour, and cornstarch to combine.
To a medium bowl or blender add eggs, egg yolk, lemon juice, zest, baking powder, and salt. Blend for a minute or two or until the mixture is smooth and the zest is broken up.
Pour over the warm crust.
Bake the Bars:
Bake for 20-22 minutes, rotating the pan at 10 minutes for even heat. Check for: A slight center jiggle (like soft gelatin, not runny), a matte surface with firm edges, and an internal temperature of 160–165°F (71–74°C) in the center.
Cool, Chill, & Serve:
Cool at room temperature for 30 minutes.
Refrigerate for 2–4 hours to fully set the filling.
Lift bars out using parchment, cut into 16 squares, and dust with powdered sugar. Garnish with lemon zest curls or lemon slices if desired.
Store:
Refrigerate in an airtight container for up to 5 days or freeze for up to 2 months.
Notes
Crust Tips:
If the crust is sticky, chill crumbs for 5–10 minutes before pressing.
Ensure butter isn’t melty.
Mix to coarse crumbs (wet sand texture); over-mixing makes it doughy.
Filling Tips:
Using an immersion blender to break up zest creates a smoother filling texture. A whisk works but may leave zest flecks.
Rotate the pan at 10 minutes to avoid a runny center.
Check doneness with a thermometer (160–165°F) and look for a matte surface with a slight jiggle.